亲爱的翻译官

 当我在一帆风顺的时候

所有人都在说我好的时候

我会告诉自己

你没有他们说的那么好

当所有人都在说我不好的时候

我也会告诉自己

你没有他们说的那么不好

咱们人是一个个体的动物

自我非常的重要

很多问题

别人真正帮不了你

只能自己帮自己

所有的问题都是自己和自己的问题

所以你必须给自己打气

你只有这样

幸运才会降临到你身上

고드세피아 키우기

 

드라세나 수르쿨로사

Dracaena surculosa(D, godseffiana)

고드세피아, 곳세피아나, 드라세나 곳세피아나꽃말 : 영원한사랑백합과, 아프리카, 삽목 번식

2021.07.21

화분에서 2조각 잘라서 물병에 꽂아 두었다.

며칠이 지나도 잎이 시들지 않아 살펴보니 뿌리가 생기고 있다. 

2022.04.04

御史詩 獄中詩

 어사시(御史詩)

 

金樽美酒千人血 금준미주천인혈

 

玉盤佳肴萬姓膏 옥반가효만성고

 

燭淚落時民淚落 촉루락시민루락

 

歌聲高處怨聲高 가성고처원성고

 

금술통의 맛좋은 술은 천백성의 피요.

옥쟁반의 좋은 안주 만백성의 기름이로다.  

촛불이 눈물 흘릴 때 백성의 눈물 떨어지고, 

노랫소리 높은 곳 백성의 원성또한 높구나. 


- 이도령이 전라도 암행어사로 남원에 당도하여 
신임 남원부사 변사또의 무모한 학정을 고발하는 詩 -
옥중시(獄中詩)

去歲何時君別妾 거세하시군별첩 

昨已冬節又動秋 작이동절우동추 

狂風半夜雨如雪 광풍반야우여설 

何爲南原獄中囚 하위남원옥중수 
 

 지난 해 언제쯤 님과 이별하였나요. 

 엊그제 겨울이더니 벌써 또 가을이군요. 

 거친 바람, 깊은 밤에 찬 비 내리는데 

 어이하여 이몸이 옥중 죄수가 되었나요. 


 - 춘향이 신임 남원부사 변사또의 술시중을 거부하다 

  투옥되어 남원옥중에서 지은 詩 -

田家 박지원

 田家   전가      농가  

 

   朴趾源   박지원 1737~1805  

 

 

   翁老守雀坐南陂   옹노수작좌남피   참새 쫓는 노인네 밭둑에 앉아 있건만

   粟拖拘尾黃雀垂   속타구미황작수   개꼬리 조 이삭에 노란 참새 매달렸네

 

   長男中男皆出田   장남중남개출전   맏아들 둘째 아들 일하러 들로 나가고

   田家盡日晝掩扉   전가진일진엄비   시골집 사립문은 하루 내내 닫혀 있네

 

   鳶蹴鷄兒攫不得   연축계아확부득   소리개가 병아리를 채가려다 놓쳤는지

   群鷄亂啼匏花籬   군계난제포화리   박꽃 핀 울 밑에 소란스레 우는 뭇 닭

 

   小婦戴棬疑渡溪   소부대권의도계   함지를 인 새댁은 조심조심 내 건너고

   赤子黃犬相追隨   적자황견상추수   누렁이와 벌거숭이 다투어 뒤따라가네

Erwinia amylovora(fireblight)

Summary of Invasiveness 

The long distance spread of fire blight is a rare event which in most cases seems to be the result of plants or plant tissues being moved across the oceans. Short distance spread is the result of the characteristics of the pathogen, especially its ability to produce an exudate (bacteria embedded in exopolysaccharides) which is easily transported by wind, rain, insects or birds. This is very efficient; once the pathogen has moved into a new territory it almost always colonizes and becomes established. This is accompanied by economic losses in regions where apple, pear or loquat are grown commercially; it might prevent the survival of local cultivars and could disrupt international trade. To date fire blight has colonized most of North America, Western Europe and most of the countries around the Mediterranean Sea as well as New Zealand. Outbreaks of fire blight are irregular and difficult to control.

Taxonomic Tree 

 Domain: Bacteria
   Phylum: Proteobacteria
     Class: Gammaproteobacteria
       Order: Enterobacteriales
         Family: Enterobacteriaceae
           Genus: Erwinia
             Species: Erwinia amylovora

Distribution 

It is generally thought that fire blight originated on wild hosts (presumably Crataegus) in the north-eastern USA, where it has been described after the import and cultivation of European apple and pear varieties (van der Zwet and Keil, 1979). The first description outside the USA was in New Zealand (1919). In Europe, fire blight was first described in the UK (Kent) in 1957. From this year on, a permanent spread of the disease was assessed in Northern, Western and Central Europe. In 1998, all countries belonging to the European Union (except Portugal) had fire blight on pears, apples or ornamentals, either widespread (England, Belgium, Germany), localized (France, Switzerland) or in restricted spots, under control and local eradication (Spain, Italy, Austria). It can be said that Western Europe has been invaded by fire blight in the second half of the twentieth century. However, even today, wide areas of Europe remain free of fire blight (in Italy, Spain and the south-east of France). Fire blight invaded a large area around the Mediterranean Sea. It most probably spread from an initial outbreak detected in the Nile delta region of Egypt in 1964. The disease was later found in Greece (Crete), Israel, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran and countries of Central Europe. The introduction of E. amylovora in Egypt and England has resulted in one continuous zone infected by fire blight, which encompasses most of Western Europe and most of the Mediterranean region. Only countries in North Africa seem to be free of fire blight; although the disease has recently been described in Morocco. A number of unconfirmed reports of fire blight (China, India, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Colombia) may rely on misdiagnosis, or insufficient description of the causal agent (confusion of fire blight with pear-blast symptoms caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae or with other Erwinia species reported on Asian pear). It must also be remembered that E. amylovora is a quarantine organism (list A2 OEPP), the economic consequences of a declaration of the presence of fire blight in a country may have costly consequences for the international trade of this country: it cannot be ruled out that the list of actually 'infected' countries is slightly longer than the list of officially declared areas. In most cases, attempts to eradicate the pathogen in newly infected countries, only slows down the spread of the disease. Until fire blight is again detected in Australia, this country might be the only case where eradication has been successful. Fire blight-like symptoms were detected on cotoneaster in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria, in April 1997, and diagnostic tests confirmed that the causal organism was E. amylovora (Rodoni et al., 1999). An intensive eradication programme was undertaken and national surveys conducted for 3 years following the detection of E. amylovora have confirmed the absence of the disease in all states of Australia (Rodoni et al., 2002). A record of E. amylovora in New South Wales, Australia, cited in previous editions of the Compendium, was included as a result of a database error and has now been removed. There has been no positive detection of E. amylovora in New South Wales. Large areas of the world are still free of fire blight (South America, most of Africa and Asia) in spite of the fact that susceptible cultivars of European and American origin are grown in these areas, and that potentially susceptible host plants may be common in the environment. See also CABI/EPPO (1998, No. 257). 

History of Introduction and Spread 

Fire blight was first noticed in Hudson valley, New York (USA) in the 1780s. Whether fire blight was native in the regions surrounding the Hudson valley, such as Quebec and Ontario, is not known. From this initial focus fire blight spread throughout North America. It was also accidentally imported into England and Egypt. From those two outbreaks it spread and became established in most of Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea. The introductions to New Zealand and Bermuda have not spread beyond these islands. E. amylovora has never been introduced intentionally; its presence is either the result of accidental introduction (England, New Zealand, Egypt and Bermuda) or due to the ability of the bacterium to spread locally relatively easily.

Hosts/Species Affected 

E. amylovora is a pathogen of plants in the family Rosaceae; most of the natural hosts are in the subfamily Maloideae (formerly Pomoideae), a few belong in the subfamilies Rosoideae and Amygdaloideae (Momol and Aldwinckle, 2000). Genera in the subfamily Spiraeoideae have been reported as hosts on the basis of artificial inoculation (van der Zwet and Keil, 1979). Strains of E. amylovora isolated from one host are pathogenic on most other hosts. This was the case for strains isolated from natural infections on Prunus salicina in the USA (Mohan and Thomson, 1996) and on Prunus domestica and Rosa rugosa in southern Germany (Vanneste et al., 2002a). Rubus strains (see Taxonomy and Nomenclature) are host specific; they are pathogenic on brambles but not on apple and pear (Starr et al., 1951; Braun and Hildebrand, 2005). Also, a few Maloideae strains exhibit differential virulence on apple; for example, strain Ea273 was not pathogenic across the same range of apple cultivars and rootstocks as common strain E4001A (Norelli et al., 1984, 1986). Within each group of susceptible host plants, species or cultivars may be found with a high level of resistance; such plants may show no, or limited, symptoms under natural conditions or even following artificial inoculation (Forsline and Aldwinckle, 2002; Luby et al., 2002). Lists of resistant cultivars are published for important crops (van der Zwet and Keil, 1979; Zeller, 1989; Thomas and Jones, 1992; Berger and Zeller, 1994; van der Zwet and Bell, 1995; Bellenot-Kapusta et al., 2002). Wild Pyrus (P. amygdaliformis, P. syriaca) in southern Europe and in the Mediterranean area, Crataegus (C. oxyacantha [C. laevigata], C. monogyna) in northern and central Europe, and ornamentals (Pyracantha, Cotoneaster, Sorbus) throughout Europe are important sources of inoculum for apple and pear orchards.

Symptoms 

Fire blight's basic symptom is necrosis or death of tissues. Droplets of ooze on infected tissues are also an important symptom; they are the visible indication of the presence of fire blight bacteria. Except for minor differences, the symptoms of fire blight are basically the same on all host plants. Infected blossoms initially become water-soaked and of a darker green as the bacteria invade new tissues. Within 5- 30 plus days (commonly 5-10 days), the spurs begin to collapse, turning brown to black. Initial symptoms are often coincident with the accumulation of about 57 degree days, base 12.7°C, from the infection date (Steiner, 2000). Infected shoots turn brown to black from the tip; shoots often bend near the tip to form a so-called 'shepherd-crook' shape. Shoots invaded from their base exhibit necrosis of basal leaves and the stem. Leaves and fruits may be invaded through petioles or stems or infected through wounds, resulting in discoloration followed by collapse of the leaves and fruit. During wet, humid weather, infected leaves and particularly the fruit often exude a milky, sticky liquid, or ooze containing bacteria. From infected flowers and shoots, the bacteria may invade progressively larger branches, the trunk and even the rootstock. Infected bark on branches, scaffold limbs, trunk and rootstock turns darker than normal. When the outer bark is peeled away, the inner tissues are water-soaked often with reddish streaks when first invaded; later the tissues are dark brown to black. As disease progression slows, lesions become sunken and sometimes cracked at the margins, forming a canker. Trees with rootstock blight may exhibit liquid bleeding from the crown at or just below the graft union in early summer. Water-soaked, reddish and necrotic tissues are visible when the outer bark is removed. Trees with infected rootstocks often exhibit yellow to red foliage about a month before normal autumn coloration. Rootstocks such as M.26, M.9 and relatives of M.9 often show these symptoms without evidence of infection in the trunk of the scion. Infection of M.7 and a few other rootstocks occurs following infection of suckers arising from the rootstocks; the infected suckers exhibit typical shoot blight symptoms. Many trees with rootstock blight will die in the first year after infection; the remaining rootstock-infected trees often die within 2-3 years. Any plant tissues invaded by the bacteria can show ooze production on their surface. This exudate is a specific symptom of fire blight. Depending on weather conditions and on the time of the day, ooze may or may not be produced. It is most frequently observed early in the morning when the host water potential is positive. It may appear in different ways: droplets, threads or film on the plant's surface.

Biology and Ecology 

The life cycle of E. amylovora can be described as follows: 1. Infection through flowers. The entry of bacteria through natural openings in the floral cup (hypanthium) may take place after multiplication on the surface of stigmas. 2. Infection, later in the season. The entry of bacteria through small wounds produced by strong winds, hail, and insects may take place in young leaves and at the tips of growing shoots. 3. Internal invasion. Entry of E. amylovora into healthy shoots, branches and rootstocks may take place within trees by the systemic movement of bacteria from infected spurs and shoots. 4. Canker formation. The development of areas between infected and uninfected woody tissues were E. amylovora survives the dormant season. Unlike some bacterial plant pathogens, E. amylovora is not an epiphytic bacterium; it is not able to multiply on the surface of healthy plants. The only stage where the bacteria multiply on the surface of the plant is on the stigmatic surfaces in the flower (Thomson, 1986). Pollinating and other flower-visiting insects are important for spreading the bacteria from both infested and infected flowers to healthy flowers. Other insects play a role in spread by visiting droplets of ooze exuding from cankers and then visiting healthy flowers. Free-water and high humidity in concert with temperature govern the rate of bacterial multiplication in the floral cup and the incidence and severity of flower infection (Pusey, 2000). Climatic conditions during spring and summer play a key role in the occurrence and development of fire blight (Billing, 2000). The presence of bacteria on the stigmas of healthy flowers (epiphytic populations) is related to daily temperature (Thomson et al., 1982). Temperatures between 18 and 30°C with rain during bloom favour flower infection, frequent storms with wind-driven rain (with sufficiently high temperatures) during the period of growth elongation favour shoot and fruit infections and the rapid development of the disease. Bacteria can be spread by wind and wind-driven rain within and between trees as ooze, strands (polysaccharide threads which may be present on the surface of infected plant) and aerosols (McManus and Jones, 1994). Secondary blossoms (rat-tails), which may be present on some hosts in late spring and summer, are often infected because weather conditions are more likely to be favourable when they are open. Severe infections may also take place in summer on shoots, leaves, fruits, following a hailstorm or any climatic event which wounds the plant surface, and is associated with rain. Rootstock blight can develop from the internal spread of bacteria from an infected scion (Momol et al., 1998). Malling (M.) 9 and M.26 rootstocks are highly susceptible to internal invasion and rootstock blight (Momol et al., 1998; Norelli et al., 2003). Dispersal of the pathogen may occur from the shipping of infected plant material. Latent infections may be present without any visible symptoms; the disease developing when the material is planted in the field. This mode of dispersal could introduce fire blight into new regions and countries.

Prevention and Control 

Legislative Control (Exclusion) 

Fire blight is a quarantine disease in most countries and, therefore, shipments of plants, or parts of plants that can be host to fire blight, are under strict regulation. This regulation requires that only healthy plants produced in healthy environments are shipped. At the European level (EU), the genera relevant to quarantine regulation for fire blight are the following: Chaenomeles, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Malus, Mespilus, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Sorbus (other than S. intermedia) and Stranvaesia. In countries where fire blight is not yet detected, but exposed to permanent threat by nearby foci, a network for monitoring may be preventatively organized (Mazzucchi, 1994; Santos, 1995). In the EU, a list (map) of so-called 'protected zones' in which fire blight is considered as absent is periodically published. In such protected zones, the import of host plants of fire blight from a contaminated country is forbidden (except from 'protected areas'). In non protected zones, where fire blight is likely to be endemic, specific 'protected areas' are settled (minimal surface: 50 km²) in which special surveys and official control guarantee the absence of fire blight on plants grown in nurseries. From these areas plants are allowed to be shipped (Petter and de Guenin, 1993). Heat treatment of plant propagation material has been proposed (Keck et al., 1995). In some countries the production and commercialization of the most susceptible cultivars may be banned, or discouraged, particularly for certain cultivars of Cotoneaster, Pyrus, Malus and Crataegus. 

Cultural Control 

As is the case with most bacterial diseases, cultural practices are very important to control fire blight. These practices will tend to reduce the frequency of infections, by decreasing the potential entry of bacteria into the plant: suppression of blossoms by severe trimming of Crataegus hedges has been recommended in the Netherlands (Meijneke, 1984b); suppression of secondary blossoms in pear orchards is a proposed control measure in France (Lecomte and Paulin, 1992). A complementary strategy for reducing the severity of infection is to follow growing practices aimed at reducing tree vigour and the duration of shoot growth (also see Chemical Control/prohexadione calcium). Restricting nitrogen and water supply to the trees is the most common advice in this respect, together with a regular pruning of the trees. Insect control is no longer believed to be a key factor in the limitation of movement of bacteria from tree to tree. Nevertheless, care should be taken with transportation of beehives to avoid movement from an infected to a healthy orchard. Similarly, overhead irrigation should be avoided in an orchard with a history of fire blight. Cultural methods include the sanitation of trees, obtained by a prompt pruning out of symptoms as soon as they are detected in an orchard or a plantation (Steiner, 2000). The disinfection of tools (pruning shears) with chlorine or alcohol is probably useful (Teviotdale et al., 1991) during the growing season but not in winter when trees are dormant (Lecomte and Paulin, 1991). The early detection of symptoms is important to the success of sanitation programmes. Surveys in orchards and nurseries are recommended in spring just before bloom (active cankers), after bloom (new flower infection), in summer after hailstorms and near the end of the period of shoot elongation (shoot infections and cankers). These surveys must be followed by the removal (cutting out) of all visible infections. In most cases, warning systems will provide an indication of the most suitable period when these surveys are useful (Billing, 2000).Risking catastrophic tree losses from rootstock blight in high-density apple orchards can be avoided only by selecting trees propagated on resistant rootstocks for new orchards. Several promising highly resistant rootstocks have been released or will soon be released from rootstock-breeding programmes (Cline et al., 2001; Norelli et al., 2003). Some of these are dwarfing rootstocks suitable for high-density orchard systems; avoiding M.9 and M.26 rootstocks in favour of resistant rootstocks is the best control for rootstock blight. Rootstock blight has not been a problem on trees propagated on Budagovsky (B.) 9 and on some Japanese rootstocks (Bessho et al., 2001; Ferree et al., 2002). Susceptible cultivars (and rootstocks) should be avoided when establishing new orchards and ornamental planting in regions with significant fire blight problems; unfortunately, this advice is seldom followed in practice. For example, many of the most commercially successful apple cultivars introduced in recent years are much more susceptible to fire blight than many older cultivars and planting of these cultivars, particularly when propagated on highly susceptible rootstocks, has resulted in devastating financial losses (due to fire blight) to individual apple growers and entire apple industries. 

Chemical Control 

The number of chemicals of value for fire blight control is very limited; they belong to four categories: coppercontaining compounds, antibiotics, growth regulators and elicitors. Bordeaux mixture and fixed coppers were the first compounds used for control. The number and timing of applications depend on the sensitivity of each cultivar to copper injury and the economic significance of the injury. Spring treatments at green tip may reduce the survival of E. amylovora around canker margins (Steiner, 2000); the value of such treatments needs to be established. More commonly, coppers are applied during bloom to prevent flower infection and in summer to prevent shoot infection. Antibiotics (primarily streptomycin, also oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and gentamicin) are used to prevent flower and shoot infections; they are more effective than, and not as phytotoxic as, coppers. A standard application schedule for streptomycin is two to three sprays in bloom and one to two sprays post-bloom for five sprays per year. Streptomycin has been used in North America since the 1950s and a few other countries such as New Zealand and Israel; more restrictive governmental regulation has limited and sometimes banned its use in other countries (McManus et al., 2002). Despite the selection of streptomycinresistant strains in several countries (Jones and Schnabel, 2000; McManus et al., 2002) streptomycin use continues because alternative methods are less effective. In Israel, oxolinic acid, a synthetic quinolone antibiotic, has been used as an alternative to streptomycin (Shtienberg et al., 2001). However, strains of E. amylovora resistant to this antibiotic have been regularly isolated from Israel (Kleitman et al., 2005). Warning systems, which provide information on risk periods (according to climate, to inoculum and to plant stages), are used in several countries for determining the need for chemical controls; timing of treatment based on warning systems often reduces the number of sprays without a reduction in effectiveness (Billing, 2000). Such systems have been developed in the USA (Thomson et al., 1982; Smith, 1993; Steiner, 2000), in Europe (Jacquart-Romon and Paulin, 1991 ; Berger et al., 1996 ; Berrie and Billing, 1997 ; Billing, 2000) and in Israel (Shtienberg et al., 2003). Some are available commercially. Warning systems have usually been developed for one climatic area; the use of these systems in another climatic area needs to be done very carefully, considering the influence of the different climaticparameters on the epidemiology of the fire blight pathogen (Billing, 2007 ). The plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium (Apogee, Regalis) inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis and longitudinal shoot growth (Rademacker, 2000). When vegetative growth is inhibited by this regulator, it is less susceptible to fire blight (Sobiczewski et al., 2001); however, the chemical itself is not toxic to E. amylovora. In field studies, spread of fire blight during summer was reduced following the application of prohexadione calcium near the end of bloom period (Yoder et al., 1999 ; Costa et al., 2001 ). Recently, the two acylcyclohexanediones: prohexadione calcium and trinexapac ethyl, were shown to be able to reduce the incidence of fire blight on apple and pear flowers (Spinelli et al., 2007 ). Prohexadione calcium has been registered for growth and fire blight control in the USA and a few other countries. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM; tradenames Actigard, Bion) can stimulate the tree's natural defence mechanisms and provide a significant level of fire blight control (Brisset et al., 2000 ; Maxson-Stein et al., 2002). The highest level of control was obtained when sprays of ASM were initiated at the pink stage of bud development and repeated at weekly intervals, and the level of control increased as treatment rates were increased (Maxson-Stein et al., 2002). ASM was shown to stimulate the expression of pathogenicity related (PR) proteins in apple suggesting that resistance was induced through a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway (Brisset et al., 2000; Maxson-Stein et al., 2002). Biological Control Many experiments with antagonistic bacteria have been performed to control fire blight. Extensive field trials have been conducted mainly with strains of Pseudomonas agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Vanneste, 1996; Johnson and Stockwell, 1998), 2000; Mercier and Lindow, 2001; Vanneste et al., 2002b). A goal of many of these studies has been to assess factors that influence establishment and spread of the bacterial antagonist (Nuclo et al., 1998; Stockwell et al., 1998; Pusey 1999, 2002; Johnson et al., 2000). Other studies have emphasized the integration of bacterial antagonist with antibiotics (Lindow et al., 1996; Stockwell et al., 1996). In spite of encouraging results, consistency in the level of control has not been easy to obtain. This and the difficulties in registering biological control agents are probably the two main reasons why biological control of fire blight is not widely practiced at present. Host-Plant Resistance Several studies on fire blight susceptibility of species, seedlings, cultivars and rootstocks have been carried out to identify resistant cultivars or sources of fire blight resistance; these sources of resistance are being used by breeding programmes in several countries for apple, pear and ornamentals (Lespinasse and Aldwinckle, 2000). In additional to the use of traditional breeding methods to produce new resistant cultivars, the feasibility of using genetic engineering methods to enhance the resistance of existing cultivars is being evaluated by several breeding programmes (Norelli and Aldwinckle, 2000).

甄嬛传剧本第一集

第一集
第1幕
（金銮殿[1]。太监甩鞭三响，文武百官鱼贯行至殿前。皇帝拾级而上走向龙椅）
旁白：公元一七二二年，清康熙皇帝驾崩，川陕总督年羹尧和步军统领隆科多在皇位继承人大战中为四阿哥胤禛登基立下汗马功劳，被雍正视作社稷重臣
一时权倾朝野，成为新政权的核心人物。
太监：跪！（百官跪下）一叩首！再叩首！三叩首！（百官相应行礼）兴！（百官站起）
苏培盛（步出殿外，宣旨）：奉天承运，皇帝诏曰：隆科多真圣祖皇帝忠臣，朕之功臣，国家良臣，袭一等公，授吏部尚书并兼管理藩院。川陕总督年羹尧授二等公，凡调遣军兵、动用粮饷之处，着边防办饷大臣及川陕云南督抚提镇等，俱照年大将军办理，钦此。
百官（叩首）：谢主隆恩！
第2幕
（退朝，百官散去）
官员甲：咱们皇上可真是器重年将军和隆科多大人。
官员乙：隆科多大人，恭喜恭喜啊！您可是国家的大功臣啊！
官员丙：年大将军，皇上对你可是垂青有加呀！
官员丁：年大人，您可是皇上的股肱之臣哪！
苏培盛（追上年羹尧）：年大将军请留步。（年羹尧停下转身）大将军——
年羹尧：苏公公，有何指教？
苏培盛：不敢。皇上惦记大将军您的臂伤，特让奴才将这秘制的金创药膏交给大人，叫您使用。
年羹尧（遥向金銮殿拱手）：臣年羹尧恭谢皇上圣恩！（接过匣子）敢问苏公公，小妹今日在宫中可好啊？
苏培盛：华妃娘娘凤仪万千、宠冠六宫啊，大将军您放心好了。
年羹尧：那就有劳苏公公了。（转身离去）
苏培盛：应该的。
第3幕
（夜深，养心殿）
苏培盛：皇上，敬事房的人来了。
徐进良（举案齐眉[3]，趋步御前跪下）：请皇上翻牌子。（皇帝在写字，未予理会）皇上，您这半个月都没进后宫了，要是今天再不翻牌子，那太后一定会怪罪奴才的。（皇帝仍不理会）皇上！
皇帝（继续写字）：哪来那么多话？
小厦子（走进）：皇上，太后来了。
皇帝：快，请太后进来。
小厦子（退身离去）：嗻！（徐进良挪至一旁跪下）
（太后走进坐下）
苏培盛（跪下）：太后万安。
皇帝（放下笔，起身，单膝跪下[2]）：给皇额娘请安。（起身）
太后：天热，我叫御膳房做了绿豆百合粥，哀家吃着不错，知道你还没睡，给你送一碗过来。
皇帝：多谢皇额娘。
（皇帝吃菜、喝粥）
竹息：皇上，这是隆科多大人打扬州给太后新弄来的酱菜，说是比三必居的爽口。（向徐进良使个眼色，徐进良和苏培盛退身离去）
（殿外）
徐进良（将盘子递给一名太监）：来来来（叹气，擦汗）
苏培盛（叹气）：你也别苦着张脸了，左不过天天都是这样子。
徐进良：皇上登基都已经大半年了，可是这每个月进后宫的日子，掰着指头都数得清楚。
苏培盛：唉，这敬事房的差事一闲，太后难免会责问，这倒难为你两头为难了。
徐进良：哎呀，多亏有苏公公体谅，还望在皇上面前多多提醒才是。后宫那些小主们，盼皇上就像久旱盼甘霖呢。
苏培盛：哎呀，哪有不劝的，只是皇上这两天哪，忙于朝政，连睡觉都只睡两三个时辰，咱们做奴才的想劝也张不了口啊。
（殿内）
皇帝（饭毕起身）：皇额娘要是嫌天热，儿子可以让他们拿些冰，放在额娘的宫中（竹息搬凳子给皇帝坐下）
太后：人老了，倒也不怕热。叫人放心不下[4]的是皇帝你，早晚忙着朝政的事，自己的身子要有数。
皇帝：儿子知道。
太后：你这么忙着，可有关心三阿哥的功课？
皇帝：前两天还查了他的功课，字是练得不错，学问上长进不大。
太后：先帝有你们二十四个儿子，皇帝就不如先帝了。
皇帝：儿膝下福薄，只有三个皇子，让皇额娘挂心了。
太后：也不怪你。先帝嫔妃多，自然子嗣多，你后宫才那么几个人，皇后、端妃、齐妃，她们年纪都不小了，想要延绵子嗣也难。
皇帝：儿子不是不为子嗣的事着想。
太后：皇家最要紧的是要开枝散叶、绵延子嗣，才能江山万年，代代有人。为此才要三年一选秀，充实后宫。
皇帝：皇额娘教训的是。
太后：那么，选秀的事就定了。
皇帝：一切听皇额娘安排。
太后：哀家老了，还能安排什么呀。让内务府挑个好日子，一轮一轮的挑下来，挑到出色的给你为嫔为妃，哀家就等着含饴弄孙了。
皇帝：皇后事多，华妃协理六宫，选秀的事宜就让华妃去操办吧。
太后：华妃能干、漂亮，你宠了她这么多年了，选个新人进来也好，平分春色总胜于一枝独秀。
皇帝：是。皇额娘，儿子还有一件事。
太后：什么？
皇帝：既然选秀，儿子想这一次也就够了，如果真的三年一次，也太铺张了。另外，儿一直觉得应该满汉一家，所以这次想多从汉军旗里选几个秀女。
太后：这些都是小节，无妨，皇帝愿意选新人就好，只是也别冷落了旧人。朝政再要紧，后宫还得常去。还有皇后，再怎么说也是中宫啊。
皇帝：儿子知道。
第4幕
（景仁宫）
皇后：这个时候要妹妹来，打扰妹妹午睡了。
华妃：臣妾哪有娘娘这么清闲有福啊，不知娘娘召臣妾来有何要事？
皇后：选秀就快到最后一轮殿选了，妹妹准备的怎样了？
华妃：娘娘放心，午后黄规全会话了，说已经妥当。反正皇上有旨，库银空虚，一切都要以节俭为主。臣妾手里虽说变不出银子，但总要顾得皇上的体面，这个中滋味岂是旁人能知道的呀？
皇后：真的有劳妹妹了。（华妃喝茶）哦对了，本宫叫人做了一些新的点心，请妹妹尝个鲜。（微笑着看了一眼剪秋）
剪秋：绘春！（宫女鱼贯而入，奉上点心）
皇后：妹妹自己选，自己喜欢吃什么就拿吧。怕是妹妹也吃腻了吧，（看向剪秋）剪秋啊，把那碟牡丹卷给华妃。
剪秋：是。
华妃：颂芝！
颂芝：是！（走到宫女面前捧起一碟点心，碟子摔落地上，颂芝跪下）皇后娘娘赎罪！皇后娘娘赎罪！奴婢不是故意的。
华妃：真不懂规矩，好好的把娘娘的心意都给砸了，还不快向娘娘请罪？
颂芝：皇后娘娘赎罪！皇后娘娘赎罪！
华妃：你是本宫的家生奴才，竟这般不懂规矩，本宫也不便教你了，若是皇后不饶恕你，本宫也不会轻放了你。
皇后：妹妹，只是小事，不用动这么大的气呀。
华妃：她本是粗笨，不机灵，幸得娘娘体恤，臣妾回去一定会好好教导她的。
皇后：颂芝原是妹妹的陪嫁丫鬟，身份不同一些，怎能让她这样端茶倒水的？你若觉得颂芝不好，也不必生气，对吧？福子！
福子（走进）：皇后娘娘金安。华妃娘娘金安。
皇后：内务府新挑来的丫头，叫福子。本宫看她机灵，便拨给你使唤吧。
华妃：颂芝虽粗笨，但是翊坤宫还不缺宫女，还是皇后自己留着用吧。
皇后：早听说翊坤宫的宫女做事利索，是该让福子她们这些小丫头学学了。有妹妹调教着，帮着颂芝做些粗活，也能叫她们学得乖一些。
华妃（起身行礼）：臣妾先告退了。还不快走！
颂芝：是。
（华妃目光如炬盯了福子半圈，离去）
皇后（自语）：也不知道这届秀女选得怎么样了？后宫是该好好添几个新人，为皇上延绵子嗣了。（传入华妃耳中。华妃受刺激状，急步离开）
第5幕
（华妃乘轿撵回宫的路上）
（华妃黯然，瞥见福子，向颂芝递了个眼色）
颂芝（一把将福子从轿撵旁推开）：去去去！凭你也配走在娘娘身边？去，后边去！（紧步赶上轿撵贴近华妃。华妃兀自吁气）
第6幕
（上善寺。木鱼声声，香烟缭绕，甄嬛主仆三人进香拜佛）
甄嬛（许愿）：信女虽不比男子可以建功立业，也不愿轻易辜负了自己，若要嫁人，一定要嫁于这世间上最好的男儿，和他结成连理，白首到老。但求菩萨保佑，让信女被撂牌子，不得入选进宫。
（出寺路上）
浣碧：都说这儿的菩萨最灵验，小姐的心思一定能如愿。
流朱：小姐，别的秀女都在求中选，唯有咱们小姐想被撂牌子。菩萨一定记得真真儿的——
甄嬛（嗔怪）：嘘——都说许愿说破是不灵的。（流朱急忙捂嘴。不远处温实初正低头徘徊）
浣碧：今天是什么日子，怎么温大人也来求菩萨？
流朱：这个温太医啊，也是古怪，谁不知太医不得皇命不能为皇族以外的人请脉诊病，他倒好，十天半月便往咱们府里跑。
甄嬛：你们俩话太多了，我该和温太医要一剂药，好好治治你们。
（甄嬛走向温实初，温实初迎上）
甄嬛：实初哥哥
温实初：嬛妹妹，刚刚我去府上请脉，听甄伯母说你来这里进香了。
甄嬛：出来走走，也是散心。
温实初；嬛妹妹，你就不要再瞒我了。我知道为了殿选之事，你已经烦恼多日了。
甄嬛：嬛儿是尽人事以听天命。
温实初：嬛妹妹，家父在世的时候常说，一片冰心在玉壶，（捧出玉壶）他让我把此壶交予我们温家未来的——其实这也是我一直以来的心意，你若接受的话，就不用再去宫中殿选了。
甄嬛（低眉）：顺治爷在世的时候就定下定例，所有未经选看的秀女断不可私下结亲。实初哥哥想一时救急，也不必拿出这么贵重的东西来，嬛儿受不起。
温实初：嬛妹妹，我虽是一介御医，俸禄微薄，可是我保证会一生一世对你好，疼爱你，保护你，永远事事以你为重。本来没半月一次到府上去请脉，能够偶尔见一次妹妹的笑靥，已经心满意足了，可谁知——而且我也知道，妹妹心里是不愿意去殿选的。
甄嬛：实初哥哥这么说，就枉顾我们一直以来的兄妹情谊了。嬛儿没有哥哥，一直把你当作自己的亲哥哥一样看待，自然相信哥哥会待妹妹好的。自然了，以后有了嫂子，你也会对嫂子更好。
温实初：实初虽然唐突了妹妹，却是真心实意地希望妹妹不要去应选。这不仅仅是因为我心里一直把妹妹当成……其实更是因为甄伯父曾经救过家父的性命。（流朱浣碧窃窃私语：啊？说什么哪？）
甄嬛：我们两家是世交，昔年恩义，不过是父亲随手之劳，不必挂怀。
温实初：可是我父亲当年被诬，起因也是因为后宫争斗，不能独善其身。一介御医尚且如此，何况妹妹如果被选中的话，会身在其中啊。
甄嬛：实初哥哥的话我都明白，只是我不去应选，迟早也是玉娆，家中无子，女儿还能不孝吗？
第7幕
（眉庄坐于镜前）
侍女：真是太好看了！（眉庄望着镜中的自己，抿嘴浅笑）
沈母：走几步让我看看。（眉庄起身走了几步）
姨娘甲：很好，我们大小姐走得极好。
姨娘乙：腰肢儿更软些，皇上会喜欢。
沈母：说句话听听。
眉庄（拖下摆跪下）：臣女沈眉庄参见皇上太后，愿皇上太后万福金安！
姨娘甲：不错，很合规矩。（眉庄站起）
沈母：若是皇上问你读过什么书呢？
眉庄：诗经、孟子、左传——
沈母：错了。（眉庄不解）皇上今天是选秀女，充实他自己的后宫，繁衍子嗣，不是考状元、问学问的。
姨娘甲：女子无才便是德。
眉庄：是，女儿明白了。
第8幕
（体元殿，太监们正在搞卫生。黄规全走进）
太监甲：公公您来了。
黄规全：都过来都过来。（太监们停下手中的话）奉华妃娘娘的旨意，这体元殿离殿选的日子还有十日，务必要打扫得一尘不染、又干净又亮堂。若是出了半点差错，你们可是知道娘娘的，小心你们的脑袋！
众太监：公公放心。
黄规全：都干活去吧。
众太监：是。
第9幕：
（景仁宫，摆了一桌饭菜）
剪秋：娘娘先用膳吧。
皇后：再等一会吧。
剪秋：皇上已经有十多天没来用晚膳了。听说华妃宫里已经去请过了，估计皇上今晚在华妃那儿用膳，您要是再等，就饿着了。
皇后（落寞）：再过几天就是殿选了，皇上今天一定会来。
第10幕
（养心殿？）
张廷玉：皇上对年大将军等爱臣的宠信优渥，可但凡人臣大多数是“成功易，守功难”。
皇帝：你是提醒朕提防有些人倚功造过、兴风作浪吗？
张廷玉：皇上明察，微臣大概过虑了。微臣告退。（行礼退身离去。皇帝沉思状）
苏培盛：皇上您的茶凉了吧？奴才替您换一杯。
皇帝（低缓）：不用了。
苏培盛：翊坤宫的周宁海在外头候着，华妃娘娘请皇上移步翊坤宫用膳。
皇帝：朕不过去了。
苏培盛：那皇上的意思是——
皇帝：朕去瞧瞧皇后。
苏培盛：嗻！（提声向殿外）摆驾景仁宫！
第11幕
（翊坤宫。一桌饭菜）
颂芝：娘娘，这菜都凉了，我再拿去热热吧。
华妃：等皇上来了再热吧。（周宁海垂头走进）
周宁海（跪下）：禀娘娘，皇上今日在景仁宫用膳。
华妃：知道了。
周宁海（起身）：娘娘，您别生气。
华妃：哼，有什么好生气的，皇后终归是皇后，皇上陪她用顿膳是应该的。（拿筷子夹菜）今儿又不是十五。（数夹不中，愤然放下筷子）
第12幕
（景仁宫，皇帝皇后在用膳）
皇帝（喝了几口汤，碗没放下）：皇后的手艺又精进了。
皇后：皇上喜欢就好。
皇帝：如今你贵为皇后，后厨的事就让下人去做吧。（继续喝）
皇后：臣妾虽为皇后，也是皇上的妻子，身为人妻，侍奉夫君，怎么会觉得累呢？
皇帝（饮尽）：这汤炖得入味，剪秋！（递碗给剪秋。剪秋接过碗要盛汤被皇后制止）
皇后：皇上，老祖宗的规矩“食不过三”，这道鸭子汤虽然好，可已经是第三碗了，若再动筷，恐怕这菜十天半个月也上不了桌了。
皇帝：幸亏皇后提醒。
皇后：不偏爱，懂节制，方得长久。
皇帝：饮食如此，人亦如此，你是想说这个吧。
皇后：皇上圣明。（夹菜）皇上喜欢这道菜，再尝些吧。
皇帝：食不言，寝不语。（拿餐巾擦嘴）
皇后（急声）：今日新沏的茶极好，皇上尝尝。
皇帝：不了，朕去瞅瞅华妃。（起身离去，餐巾掷于地上）
皇后（屈膝行礼）：恭送皇上。（叹气）
第13幕
（翊坤宫）
华妃：皇上万福金安。
皇帝：来。（华妃起身，拉手）以后啊，别在门口等朕，秋凉了，容易得风寒。
华妃：多谢皇上关怀。
皇帝（瞅见福子）：你是新来的？
福子：是，奴婢是皇后指过来侍奉娘娘的。
皇帝：嗯，长得还算清秀，（转向华妃）配在你宫里伺候。（转向福子）多大了？
福子：十七。
皇帝：十七，真年轻啊。（轻拍华妃手背）朕记得你刚入雍亲王府的时候，也是十七。
华妃：皇上记性可真好。（随皇帝入殿，侧眼瞪福子）
第14幕
（一辆辆马车鱼贯入宫，下车后的秀女们聚在一块议论纷纷）
嬷嬷：汉军旗满军旗都排好了，两人一队都站好了。容奴才再提醒各位小姐一次，各位小姐是千挑万选留下来要皇上和太后亲自相看的，这是天大的恩典，自然各位小姐也别紧张，别错了规矩就成。主子不留用的便是撂牌子，赐花归府；留用呢，就是被选中了，或者当场指婚给哪位宗亲，福气更大的，成了宫里头的小主，先暂居本家，等着册了辈分，选吉日入宫。这些就看各位小姐自己的福气和造化了。
（秀女们两人一排组成长队被带往体元殿。华妃乘轿撵路过）
华妃：停！（观望了一会，表情落寞）走吧。
（一辆马车赶来，安陵容下车）
嬷嬷：出什么事了，怎么来得这么晚啊？
陵容：姑姑好。
嬷嬷：险些误了好时辰。这城门要是关上了，你这一年不是白来了吗？
陵容：我住的远，一时又叫不上脚程快的马车，所以延误了，还请姑姑宽恕。
嬷嬷：行，快进去吧。
陵容：今日托姑姑的福才没有延误，若碰上旁人哪还有这样的福气？
嬷嬷：嘴还挺甜的，快，快进去吧，站在后面啊。
陵容（行礼）：嗯，多谢姑姑。
嬷嬷：去吧，快去。
第15幕
（秀女们在等候殿选。甄嬛看见了眉庄，上前相认）
甄嬛：眉姐姐！
眉庄：嬛儿，早就听说妹妹中选了，可就是一直不得空见你。
甄嬛（凑近）：我倒巴不得没选上呢。（眉庄浅笑）姐姐远道过来一定很辛苦吧。
眉庄：在京里休息了这些日子，早已经调养过来了。
甄嬛：如今你住在自己京城的宅子里，不比从前住在外祖家，一墙之隔，见面也方便。
眉庄：是啊。可是我总还想着我们一起长大的情分呢。诶？妹妹今日打扮得好生素净，可是细看起来还是个美人坯子，怎么看都是好的。
甄嬛：沈大美人差矣。姐姐出落得这么标致，皇上见过必定会念念不忘。
眉庄（伸手制止，左右看了下）：今天秀女佼佼者众多，我未必中选，若教旁人听见了，又要生出是非。
第16幕
（体元殿，殿选）
（皇帝望了望殿外一排秀女，摇头）
太监甲：嘉兴知府之女夏如花，撂牌子、赐花！（太监捧一盘红花出去，小厦子递花给秀女）通政司副史付安之女付华，撂牌子，赐花！吏部侍郎曹必应之妹曹香玉，撂牌子、赐花！步军营副统领林庭政之女林青云，撂牌子、赐花！
第17幕
（安陵容捧一杯茶撞在夏冬春身上，杯子落地粉碎）
夏冬春（抓住安陵容，厉声）：你是哪家的秀女啊，拿这么烫的茶水浇在我身上，想作死吗？
沈眉庄（对甄嬛）：皇家宫苑，天子近旁，谁这般轻狂？
安陵容：对不住，对不住——
夏冬春：问你呢，你是哪家的？
安陵容（低眉细声）：我、我叫安陵容，家父、家父是——
夏冬春：难道你连自己父亲的官职也说不出口吗？
安陵容：家父松阳县丞安比槐（低眉顾盼左右）
夏冬春：果然是穷乡僻壤里出来的小门小户，何苦把脸丢到宫里。（甄嬛欲上前被眉庄制止）
秀女甲：你可知你得罪的是包衣左领家的小姐夏冬春？（夏冬春得意状）
安陵容：陵容初来宫中，一时惶恐才失手将茶水洒在夏姐姐的身上，并非存心，还望姐姐原谅陵容无心之失。
夏冬春：即便让你面圣也不会被留用的，有什么可惶恐的？能让你进紫禁城，已经是你几辈子的福分了，还敢痴心妄想？
安陵容：姐姐若是生气，妹妹赔姐姐一身衣裳就是了。
夏冬春（打量陵容上下）：赔？你这身衣裳是新做的吧？针脚那么粗，定是赶出来的，用的还是早两年京城就不时兴的织花缎子，（嘲笑）我这身衣裳啊，那可是苏绣！你是要拿你头上那两支素银簪子赔呀，还是要拿你手上那两只送人都没人要的镏金镯子赔呀？（众秀女笑）
安陵容：今日之事是陵容的错，还请姐姐息怒。
夏冬春：这件事要作罢也可，你即便跪下向我叩头请罪，我便大人打量，算了！
（秀女甲欲上前，被秀女乙制止）
秀女乙：姐姐，别去得罪了人，皇上怎么会选一个穷乡僻壤出来的女儿做妃嫔？夏氏倒有几分可能入选。（陵容忍住泪水）
夏冬春：跪呀。
甄嬛（上前）：一件衣裳罢了，夏姐姐宽宏大量，不值得生气。
夏冬春：你是谁？
甄嬛：家父是大理寺少卿甄远道。
夏冬春：大理寺少卿，也不是什么高官。
甄嬛：凡事不论官位高低，只论个理字。
夏冬春：你自负美貌，以为必然入选，便可以指使我吗？
甄嬛：不敢，我只是为姐姐着想罢了。今日汉军旗大选，姐姐这样怕会惊动了圣驾，若是龙颜因此震怒，又岂是你我可以担当的？即便圣驾未惊，若传到他人耳中，坏了姐姐贤良的名声，更丢了咱们汉军旗的脸面。如此得不偿失，还望姐姐三思。
夏冬春（无力辩驳）：我会记着你的！
甄嬛：姐姐貌美动人，见过姐姐之人才会念念不忘呢。
夏冬春：哼！（转身离去）
甄嬛（转向安陵容）：没事吧？
安陵容：多谢姐姐出言相助。今日之恩，没齿难忘。
甄嬛：举手之劳，莫要挂怀。
安陵容：那位夏姐姐不是什么友善之辈，姐姐为我惹了她，恐怕要招来烦恼。
甄嬛：是她烦恼，我没有。
沈眉庄：皇宫禁内，你也这样胆大包天？
安陵容：这位是？
甄嬛：这位是眉庄姐姐。
安陵容（行礼）：眉庄姐姐好。
沈眉庄：妹妹不必多礼。
（甄嬛摘一朵海棠花插安陵容头上）
甄嬛：先敬罗衣后敬人，世风如此，到哪儿都一样。姐姐衣饰略素雅了些，那些人难免会轻视姐姐。这对耳环就当今日见面之礼（摘下耳环给安陵容）
安陵容：不，不！
甄嬛：希望姐姐心想事成、一朝扬眉。
安陵容：劳姐姐破费。只是妹妹出身微寒，也许会辜负姐姐的美意。
沈眉庄：从来英雄不问出身，妹妹美貌，又何必妄自菲薄。
黄规全：传安陵容、易冰倩、江如琳、戴莹、（甄嬛：快去吧）刘莲子、戚思琴六人觐见！
第18幕
（体元殿）
太监：松阳县丞安比槐之女安陵容，年十六！
安陵容（跪）：臣女安陵容参见皇上太后，愿皇上太后万福金安！（皇帝摇头）
太监：撂牌子、赐花！
安陵容：安陵容辞谢皇上太后，愿皇上太后身体安泰、永享安乐。
太后：旁人被撂了牌子都一脸的不高兴，你倒懂规矩。
安陵容：陵容此生能有幸进宫，见到皇上太后一面，已是最大的福气。（一只蝴蝶飞落安陵容头顶）
皇帝：鬓边的秋海棠不俗。皇额娘，既然她都戴着花了，就别赐花了。
太监：安陵容，留牌子、赐香囊！
第19幕
（安陵容殿选结束，返回的路上）
安陵容（摘下海棠捧着，激动）：父亲、母亲，我入选了，我终于入选了！孩儿不负所望，我入选了！
第20幕
（体元殿）
（又一排秀女被皇帝打发了）
皇帝：都是俗物。
太后：未必有十全十美的，皇帝要为皇嗣考虑。（皇帝不耐烦状，甩动佛珠。夏冬春等秀女列队殿前）
皇帝（咂嘴，手指夏冬春）：就她吧。
太监（愣了一下，急念）：包衣左领夏威千金夏冬春，年十八！
皇帝：这个名字倒有趣，留牌子。
夏冬春（喜，跪下行礼）：多谢皇上，多谢皇上！
太监：夏冬春留牌子、赐香囊！（太后长长一声鼻息）
（沈眉庄、甄嬛等秀女列队殿前）
太监：济州协领沈自山之女沈眉庄，年十七！
沈眉庄（跪）：臣女沈眉庄参见皇上太后，愿皇上万岁万福、太后祥康金安！（皇帝眼前一亮）
太后：可曾读过什么书？
沈眉庄：臣女愚钝，看过女则与女训，略识得几个字。
皇帝：这两本书都是讲究女德的，不错。读过四书吗？
沈眉庄：臣女不曾读过。（皇帝略失望，叹气）
太后：女儿家多以针线女工为主，你能识字就很好了。
沈眉庄：多谢太后皇上赞赏。
太后：记下名字留用。
太监：沈眉庄留牌子、赐香囊！大理寺少卿甄远道之女甄嬛，年十七！（甄嬛正笑看眉庄，未做反应）大理寺少卿甄远道之女甄嬛，年十七！
甄嬛（跪）：臣女甄嬛，参见皇上太后，愿皇上太后万福金安！
皇帝：甄嬛——哪个嬛字？
甄嬛：嬛嬛一袅楚宫腰，正是臣女闺名。
皇帝：是蔡伸的词。
甄嬛：是。
皇帝：诗书倒是很通，甄远道教女有方。只是不知你是否担得起这个名字，抬起头来。（甄嬛抬头低眉。太后皇帝讶异)

学习汉语

从13开始3年学了。

懂学习办法。背汉字、多写、多读。

要背下来各各字的声调和写法。

要继续努力。加油！